Electronic address: production of uric acid (UA) in blood may lead to gout, hyperuricaemia and kidney disorder thus, a fast, simple and reliable biosensor is needed to routinely determine the UA concentration in blood without pretreatment. Electronic address: 7 Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan. 6 Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, New Taipei City, 23652, Taiwan.Electronic address: 1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
5 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.4 Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, New Taipei City, 23652, Taiwan.3 Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.2 Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.